The 'Shaping the Future of Modular Construction to finally solve the housing crisis' symposium was more than just an event—it was a pivotal moment in the evolution of housing solutions. Industry leaders, innovators, and experts came together to explore how modular construction can tackle the housing crisis and transform the way we build. Watch the recap and read the event recap to learn more about the inspiring discussions and key takeaways that are shaping the future of modular housing!
Jim Gabriel, President and CEO of MODLOGIQ and DESIGNLOGIQ, extended a warm welcome to the audience and introduced the panelists.
Moderator:
Elena Bresciani, RA, LEED AP BD+C a Principal at Perkins Eastman
Panelists:
Jose Pinto Duarte, Professor at Penn State University, State College, PA
Matt Hansen, Assistant Vice Chancellor for Design Stewardship at University of Pittsburgh
Stuart Emmons, AIA, Principal at Emmons Modular, Portland, Oregon
Russell Mills, Esquire at The Mills Law Firm, Pittsburgh, PA
Chris Mortensen, PE, Chief Innovation Officer at MODLOGIQ
Jim Gabriel, President and CEO of MODLOGIQ and DESIGNLOGIQ, extended a warm welcome to the audience and introduced the panelists.
Moderator:
Elena Bresciani, RA, LEED AP BD+C a Principal at Perkins Eastman
Panelists:
Jose Pinto Duarte, Professor at Penn State University, State College, PA
Matt Hansen, Assistant Vice Chancellor for Design Stewardship at University of Pittsburgh
Stuart Emmons, AIA, Principal at Emmons Modular, Portland, Oregon
Russell Mills, Esquire at The Mills Law Firm, Pittsburgh, PA
Chris Mortensen, PE, Chief Innovation Officer at MODLOGIQ
Elena Bresciani, RA, LEED AP BD+C started the symposium off with explaining modular construction basics, while focusing on prefabrication. Jose Pinto Duarte stepped in to explain that modular construction involves breaking down a building's design into smaller components and volumes that can be manufactured in a factory. This approach allows for the creation of modules, which can open the door to a range of possibilities, to be explored further later.
Matt Hansen discussed the advantages of modular construction, stating that standardizing and producing it in a factory condition brings a set of specialty and attention to detail that stick-build configurations lack. This approach also includes installing flashing and detailing to make buildings energy efficient and tighter. Stuart Emmons, AIA, a housing advocate, believes modular construction is a solution to address the housing crisis and improve the quality of life. He believes modular construction is a key factor for a better quality of life and has been tried for almost 100 years with limited success. Stuart believes the timing is right to bring modular construction to its full potential and bring it to its full capabilities.
Mass customization is a concept in modular construction that involves breaking down a project into subassemblies and kit parts. This allows for more flexibility and customization in the final product. Mass customization is not about personal preferences, but rather focusing on creating a more consumable configuration for many users. This standardization within building blocks, such as Lego blocks, allows for more agile and final product development. This approach is particularly useful in assembly line environments where specific tooling is set up for each volume.
The obstacles facing modular construction are largely due to regulatory environments. In the UK and Northern Europe, the regulatory environment supports offsite and modular construction. However, in other places, the fragmented regulatory environment does not offer centralized government support, hindering the development of modular construction. Housing development is not programmatic but relies on individual review processes, unlike in Europe where there is systematic development of housing.
Matt discussed the barriers in perception regarding modular construction, noting the challenge of meeting the 100-year construction expectation set by institutions like the University of Pittsburgh. He emphasized the need to determine if modular construction can meet these standards and whether there is a premium compared to conventional construction. Russell Mills shared his experience in the construction industry, highlighting pricing as a major obstacle in implementing modular construction in student housing and market rate multifamily projects. Despite the initial 20-30% higher costs of modular construction compared to traditional methods, there is a shift towards achieving parity in pricing through efficiency and standardization. Russell sees a promising opportunity for modular construction to make an impact in the housing sector, suggesting that now may be the time for modular construction to become more widely accepted.
Russell discussed the issue of housing needs of younger generations like Gen Z and millennials, who are looking for affordable housing options. They mentioned that newer housing units are designed to be modular and suitable for independent living. The discussion emphasizes the efficiency and value of modular construction, particularly in student housing projects. By manufacturing components offsite, such as dorm rooms and bathrooms, construction schedules can be compressed, and tasks can be duplicated to maximize efficiency. The focus is on market rate, multifamily student housing, dorms, and affordable housing, with the development of modular housing showing significant improvements in terms of quality and aesthetics. The speaker mentions that modular construction is not easily identifiable as factory-built when standing outside, indicating its high-quality finish. The overall trend is that multifamily, affordable student housing, and single-family units are areas where modular construction is expected to excel and have a significant impact on the housing market.
The main issue holding back modular housing in the U. S. is the fragmented regulatory environment. Unlike the UK and Europe, there is no universal building code that specifically addresses modular construction, which complicates permitting and creates hurdles for modular homes compared to traditional construction. Regulators are not facilitating a smooth process, unlike in the UK, which, despite its own housing challenges, has a more supportive regulatory framework and public funding designated for affordable housing. Additionally, banks and insurance companies in the UK are adapting to the financial aspects of modular buildings better than those in the U. S.
In Europe, particularly in Scandinavian countries, modular construction is prioritized over traditional methods, supported by government policies and stable workforce models. This contrasts with the U. S., which experiences boom and bust cycles in housing, creating inconsistencies for businesses in the sector. The large and diverse geography of the U. S. adds to the challenges of standardization, supply chain, and logistics, making it difficult to implement modular housing efficiently.
Labor force issues also impact modular housing development in the U. S. Many construction sites struggle to find enough workers to meet their deadlines, which presents an opportunity to rethink construction methods. The inherent efficiencies of modular construction could help address these labor shortages and improve building delivery processes. The conversation highlights the need for a shift in mindset and structural support to unlock the potential of modular housing in the U. S.
On the topic of efficiency, we can jump to some tools that are intended to help us with efficiency. We have lots of skills with advanced technology here. Starting off with how digital technology can facilitate modular:
Jose explained that digital technology helps facilitate modular construction by providing tools that aid in both composing the shape of a building into modules and decomposing modules into smaller units
These tools, such as generative design systems, allow for different module combinations to create various configurations tailored to the site and needs of individuals
Simulation tools can then be used to evaluate the performance of these configurations in terms of structure, environment, and cost
Automated design and construction, including the use of robotics, are also discussed as methods to expedite and streamline the construction process
While experimenting with 3D printing and robotic construction, Duarte notes that these technologies can provide opportunities for workers to gain higher-skilled labor with better salaries, despite potential concerns from trade unions
Overall, utilizing advanced technology in modular construction can enhance efficiency, precision, and overall quality of the building process
Stuart discussed the development of modular materials for building sites in order to increase efficiency and speed in construction. They are currently working on creating standardized units that can be broken down into different types of components, such as wall components including electrical and plumbing systems. By using metal studs that can be folded and assembled quickly, they have found a way to streamline the building process, potentially reducing construction time by 25%. The goal is to build housing faster, with the speaker working on factory designs to produce a unit every 30 minutes. This innovative approach could revolutionize the construction industry in the United States.
Chris Mortensen, PE discussed the housing issue in the US, UK, and Europe and the need to quickly unlock land for development. He emphasized the importance of having tools that not only support physical building systems but also provide data sets for zoning and other key information for design teams. Chris highlights the significance of creating designs that are not just buildable but also practical and efficient. He mentions setting boundaries for energy efficiency to optimize results and control costs and programs. The focus is on sustainability, both environmentally and in terms of project viability. Elena added that being able to interrogate sites is crucial for modular fabricators and that using data to identify ideal spots for development is essential. Both speakers stress the importance of efficiency and utilizing automation and robotics for quicker and more effective results in the construction industry.
Jose explained that when people mention AI today, they are referring to deep machine learning. Different paradigms can be used in modular design and construction, such as configurators for generating design alternatives and simulators for assessing performance. Optimization and search, which are part of artificial intelligence, can help identify the best solution for a specific context. Machine learning can also be utilized to create a database of solutions and performance correlations, enabling quicker convergence on an optimal solution. Additionally, generative AI is emerging as another potential tool for design optimization, although its full potential is still being explored as it pertains to finding solutions tailored to specific design contexts. In the future, incorporating generative AI into the design process may offer optimized solutions for various design contexts.
The panelists talked a little bit about sustainability and different types of sustainability and making sure we have conservation, time and resources and the environment as well. Modular construction helps meet the growing demand for net zero or carbon neutral buildings, and innovations in digital design are critical to achieving this.
Chris discussed the significant impact of waste reduction in traditional construction processes, where approximately 40% of materials end up unused or wasted on-site
He emphasized the importance of standardized manufacturing and modular approaches to reduce waste and greenhouse gas emissions in construction
Mortensen also highlighted the benefits of reducing embodied carbon in building materials and the importance of operational integrity in construction processes
Elena Bresciani expressed interest in capturing metrics related to these improvements
Matt Hansen added that using materials like keel and stick in a factory-controlled environment can enhance consistency and quality in construction, compared to on-site construction methods which may lead to variations and inefficiencies
Using such products can improve the overall building quality and efficiency, demonstrating tangible benefits of utilizing factory-controlled environments for construction projects
The discussion revolved around methods to capture metrics related to waste reduction in construction, especially comparing conventional sites with modular construction. One participant highlights the importance of quality data, starting from the inception of materials used in manufacturing. In modular construction, processes allow for better data collection throughout the lifecycle, enabling more accurate measurements and decision-making. Automation plays a key role in improving data capture and operational efficiency in modular manufacturing.
The conversation emphasized that as the construction industry works to optimize its processes, attention must also shift to external factors, such as the supply chain and its associated emissions. When focusing on waste reduction, a participant notes their observations of modular manufacturing facilities, which often produce minimal waste compared to traditional construction sites. In these facilities, materials are cut precisely to avoid leftovers, which are common in conventional construction, thereby eliminating scraps.
Another participant discussed sustainable energy practices in building design, emphasizing the importance of optimizing thermal performance for energy savings and suggesting the installation of solar panels to enhance energy efficiency. They also mentioned conducting air permeability tests in factories, which helps ensure buildings meet stringent passive house standards, and can prevent significant issues found in on-site construction.
Overall, the goal is to leverage data, automation, and modular design to create more sustainable and efficient construction practices that reduce waste and energy consumption, ultimately leading to lower greenhouse gas emissions.
The main point of the content is about mass customization in housing, where the idea is to provide a personal touch to homes rather than having them look like cookie-cutter houses. People want to personalize their living spaces, whether it's student housing or market rate housing. The conversation also touches on the phrase "customized, invisible, standardized, invisible," highlighting the importance of customization in housing. The discussion emphasized the idea that modular housing is not just the present but also a crucial aspect of the future of construction.
The discussion centered around the future of modular housing construction, with various perspectives from different speakers. Chris emphasized the importance of digital innovation in modular housing, noting that advancements in standardization and technology will enhance efficiency and environmental understanding. He believes that by 2030 and beyond, integrating digital tools will help achieve net-zero emissions and accelerate housing construction.
Stuart presented a vision of a future without homelessness, suggesting that innovative approaches like modular housing can contribute to this goal. He expressed excitement about the potential of new workspaces to help realize this vision. Matt shifts the conversation towards improving building quality rather than solely advocating for modular construction. He argues that focusing on achieving superior building standards, such as passive housing and net-zero energy, should be the primary goal. He compared the modular construction industry to Tesla, stating that the appeal of better buildings will drive their success.
Russell agreed that modular buildings offer benefits, likening the construction process to creating furniture in a controlled environment for higher quality. He also discussed the potential for more scalable modular manufacturing through component assembly rather than full factory setups. This would allow for greater reach in the housing and commercial markets, especially in disaster relief scenarios where modular solutions could be quickly assembled.
Jose highlighted the urgent need for housing due to rapid population growth, indicating that traditional methods will not suffice to meet future demands. He advocated for automated design and construction through modular techniques to effectively and efficiently address the housing crisis. Each speaker emphasized the critical role of modular housing in evolving construction practices and meeting pressing societal needs.
Lessons Learned:
Elena mentioned the difference between aspirations and realities in this field.
Chris shared his extensive experience visiting factories and modular installations.
Stuart emphasized water infiltration as a major issue that people often overlook, which can lead to problems and increased costs. Stuart also recounted his experience with site-built affordable housing, highlighting that modular buildings allow for refinement of construction models. Stuart stressed the importance of system integration, mentioning the need for effective collaboration among architects, engineers, and contractors from the beginning to ensure project success.
Matt echoed the necessity of starting the design process with modular considerations instead of retrofitting conventional designs, noting that this results in better efficiency
Russell pointed out that struggles in modular projects often stem from initially improper designs meant for on-site construction.
Elena then inquired about the successful integration of design and construction teams to improve quality and market presence.
Jose argued for a collaborative design approach, emphasizing that designers should actively involve others in the process to ensure the best solutions are reached
Elena noted a shift in how modular construction is viewed, moving beyond associations with low cost and quality.
Russell discussed the importance of integrating cost and quality into the design process because standardization can greatly aid in this. He explained that creating a range of unit types helps developers meet market demands efficiently. He also highlighted the challenge between market rent limits and construction costs as a common misconception that influences modular project pricing.
Chris discussed the importance of education in understanding the benefits and perceptions of modular construction. Chris emphasized the need to build energy-efficient buildings quickly and efficiently, involving key stakeholders like landowners and developers. Chris stressed the significance of considering the human aspect in project visions and the impact on building inhabitants.
Stuart highlighted the challenges in designing affordable housing projects, suggesting that repetition in design can lead to better outcomes. Stuart advocated for using modular construction to enhance design quality by reducing time spent on redesigning elements like kitchens. He believes that consistent design can lead to beautiful and efficient outcomes, likening it to the automotive industry's approach to design. Stuart expressed excitement about the potential of modular construction to improve design quality and efficiency in the industry.
Overall, the group agreed that a more standardized design approach can contribute to better pricing models for modular projects, underscoring the significance of teamwork among design professionals and developers for effective integration
The Floor was Opened to a Q&A with the Audience
Q1: I have a question about the operation of, downstream implications of, the decision to go modular on a project versus stick. The first question is how early in the process should an owner or a developer make that decision that says, if it's a multi-family project, that you're going to go modular versus stick and the conventional architectural project phases, is it, before you begin, you know, schematic design or can you actually wait till the end of needs to make that decision?
Chris brought up the practical considerations when deciding to go modular in construction. He mentioned the importance of integrating a modular fabricator into the design team, timing the integration, and coordinating with suppliers and fabricators. Mortensen highlighted challenges such as limited choices and institutional policies affecting projects. The discussion focuses on reconciling operational and logistical concerns when navigating real-world scenarios in modular construction projects.
“First of all, there's a little bit of a site consideration. The site is very steep and triangulated and whatever, modular is maybe, you know, a little bit more challenging. If there's a lot of customization with the units and so on, then maybe modular, it's not the optimal way to do it,” said Mortensen.
There are key logistical factors regarding where cranes are placed, but it is crucial not to delay the process until the schematic design or design development stages
It's important to have the right expertise involved from the beginning, and decisions about built versus modular options should be made early to determine initial costs
Engaging in a modular, standardized system early on can yield significant benefits
Many projects I've encountered have requested to switch to modular solutions while already in design development, which may compromise the efficacy of the project
Starting early in the project maximizes the value received from modular methods, as delaying decisions until the end can lead to budget overruns, resulting in minimal value when considering modular solutions as a last resort
The integration of modular methods often requires substantial companies, especially for large projects like those at universities
While there are new startups in this space, they need to have the experience to deal with various contractors and consultants effectively
It is vital to choose a competent modular company based on past work rather than just their marketing materials
Not all companies are suited for modular construction at this stage, so it’s essential to find those with proven track records
The conversation emphasizes that making decisions as early as possible is important
Early research in modular construction, often termed pre-programming or pre-design, is crucial for assessing construction methods
Though it's challenging to gather complete information upfront, evaluating the project's context can lead to informed decisions regarding construction methodologies
As part of these discussions, project teams must consider examples that highlight the benefits of modular construction, especially in scenarios with space constraints or labor shortages
For instance, a recent project in Washington, DC faced challenges regarding the construction methodology for its final phase, underscoring the necessity for modular methods under specific conditions
From the perspective of building owners, it is important that construction management groups present their understanding of project objectives and demonstrate why modular approaches may be the best solution
This includes providing clear reasoning and evidence for their recommendations
Different construction managers might propose various methods to achieve project goals, including both modular and traditional approaches
Evaluating these differing proposals is vital to make informed decisions based on the specific details and advantages they present
Q2: Can you discuss the urban process of modular development?
The urban development process is often complicated and drawn out, causing frustration for developers. When pitching modular buildings to municipalities, it's important to establish the optimal modular design based on zoning codes before seeking approval. Modular buildings can look similar to traditional buildings and may even have fewer regulations due to being mostly constructed in a factory. Some local jurisdictions are adopting modular codes and third-party inspections to streamline the process, which could be beneficial for developers. Efficient inspections and streamlined processes are crucial for avoiding delays in urban development projects.
The discussion revolved around a plan to set a goal related to saving streets and helping the homeless by enabling them to work and reintegrate into society. There are ideas around acquiring large parcels of land to achieve this aim. Innovations regarding on-site preparation and factory efficiency are considered essential for successful development. There are issues concerning dilapidated hotels, where 40% of them are in poor condition and need either repurposing or demolition. Questions arise about the possibility of integrating new designs within existing structures rather than purely constructing new ones.
A significant challenge is the disconnect between the banking industry and developers, which affects project funding and development pitches. There is a conversation about integrating banking institutions more effectively to support developers and secure necessary funding. Past efforts in the UK to address homelessness through modular housing and a flexible planning process serve as a reference point.
The planning process in the UK is noted to be less complicated than in other areas, allowing for temporary shelters that can be designed and relocated with minimal waste and maximum efficiency. The importance of robust design is emphasized, ensuring that materials and assemblies can be reused in future projects, minimizing environmental impact.
Deconstruction and the ability to recycle materials are crucial aspects of this approach, applying to both temporary and permanent housing solutions. There is an ongoing effort to innovate ways to assemble housing quickly and efficiently, reflecting on the design and operational needs for varied uses.
The conversation shifted to integrating modular construction methods with clear height requirements for buildings while focusing on panel solutions that can be quickly assembled on-site. The idea of standardizing kits that allow for both assembly and disassembly is highlighted as essential for efficient construction processes.
This approach is seen as feasible for large land projects, enabling rapid assembly of housing units or modules close to the site, reducing transportation needs. Overall, these discussions emphasize the combination of innovative design, efficient processes, and supportive financial frameworks as key components to addressing homelessness and revitalizing urban areas.
Comment1 RE: Modular Construction in General
Modular construction has less risk compared to traditional construction methods. Projects completed using modular construction typically take less time and have fewer construction-related issues. Successful modular construction projects are important for gaining support from financial institutions and state funding sources. Banks and private sectors are becoming more interested in modular construction due to the success of previous projects. Cost certainty is a crucial aspect of modular construction, as it eliminates the need for frequent changes or additional expenses during the construction process. Avoiding change orders and carrying large contingencies are key benefits of modular construction, leading to more efficient and successful projects.
Comment 2 RE: Single Family Homes in Pittsburgh
In a city like Pittsburgh, single-family residential areas have challenges due to narrow streets and hilly topography. Modular construction is an option, with a focus on feasibility and logistics. Partnering with experienced individuals is crucial for success. Innovation in construction methods, like modular systems, allows for flexibility in design and assembly. Jim Gabriel highlighted the importance of a process-oriented approach rather than standardization. He mentions a company called Module as an example of successful urban construction with a kit-of-parts methodology. Gabriel sees potential for this approach in projects like Stella Street. He expressed gratitude and plans to introduce his colleagues to each other before the evening ends.
Learn more about MODLOGIQ HOUSING here: https://www.modlogiqhousing.com/
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